Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Original Articles

Evaluation of the VE1 Antibody in Thyroid Cytology Using Ex Vivo Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Specimens: Yon Hee Kim, Hyunee Yim, Yong-Hee Lee, Jae Ho Han, Kyi Beom Lee, Jeonghun Lee, Euy Young Soh, Seon-Yong Jeong, Jang-Hee Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 2016;50(1):58-66. Published online December 14, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2015.10.10

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Background
Recently, VE1, a monoclonal antibody against the BRAFV600E mutant protein, has been investigated in terms of its detection of the BRAFV600E mutation. Although VE1 immunostaining and molecular methods used to assess papillary thyroid carcinoma in surgical specimens are in good agreement, evaluation of VE1 in thyroid cytology samples is rarely performed, and its diagnostic value in cytology has not been well established. In present study, we explored VE1 immunoexpression in cytology samples from ex vivo papillary thyroid carcinoma specimens in order to minimize limitations of low cellularity and sampling/targeting errors originated from thyroid fineneedle aspiration and compared our results with those obtained using the corresponding papillary thyroid carcinoma tissues. Methods: The VE1 antibody was evaluated in 21 cases of thyroid cytology obtained directly from ex vivo thyroid specimens. VE1 immunostaining was performed using liquid-based cytology, and the results were compared with those obtained using the corresponding tissues. Results: Of 21 cases, 19 classic papillary thyroid carcinomas had BRAFV600E mutations, whereas two follicular variants expressed wild-type BRAF. VE1 immunoexpression varied according to specimen type. In detection of the BRAFV600E mutation, VE1 immunostaining of the surgical specimen exhibited 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity, whereas VE1 immunostaining of the cytology specimen exhibited only 94.7% sensitivity and 0% specificity. Conclusions: Our data suggest that VE1 immunostaining of a cytology specimen is less specific than that of a surgical specimen for detection of the BRAFV600E mutation, and that VE1 immunostaining of a cytology specimen should be further evaluated and optimized for clinical use.

Citations

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VE1 immunohistochemistry is an adjunct tool for detection of BRAFV600E mutation: Validation in thyroid cancer patients
Faiza A. Rashid, Sobia Tabassum, Mosin S. Khan, Hifzur R. Ansari, Muhammad Asif, Ahmareen K. Sheikh, Syed Sameer Aga
Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Effective utilization of liquid-based cytology for thyroid lesions
Yukie YAMAYA
The Journal of the Japanese Society of Clinical Cytology.2021; 60(3): 164. CrossRef
Diagnostic efficacy of brafv600e immunocytochemistry in thyroid aspirates in bethesda category iv and papillary thyroid carcinoma
Nidhi Anand, Tushar Agrawal, Anurag Gupta, Saumya Shukla, Roma Pradhan, Nuzhat Husain
Journal of Cytology.2021; 38(3): 113. CrossRef
The immunocytochemical expression of VE‐1 (BRAF V600E‐related) antibody identifies the aggressive variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma on liquid‐based cytology
Patrizia Straccia, Chiara Brunelli, Esther D. Rossi, Paola Lanza, Maurizio Martini, Teresa Musarra, Celestino Pio Lombardi, Alfredo Pontecorvi, Guido Fadda
Cytopathology.2019; 30(5): 460. CrossRef
Utility of the BRAF p.V600E immunoperoxidase stain in FNA direct smears and cell block preparations from patients with thyroid carcinoma
Amber L. Smith, Michelle D. Williams, John Stewart, Wei‐Lien Wang, Savitri Krishnamurthy, Maria E. Cabanillas, Sinchita Roy‐Chowdhuri
Cancer Cytopathology.2018; 126(6): 406. CrossRef
Refinement of the criteria for ultrastructural peritubular capillary basement membrane multilayering in the diagnosis of chronic active/acute antibody-mediated rejection
Heounjeong Go, Sung Shin, Young Hoon Kim, Duck Jong Han, Yong Mee Cho
Transplant International.2017; 30(4): 398. CrossRef
Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology Practice in Korea
Yoon Jin Cha, Ju Yeon Pyo, SoonWon Hong, Jae Yeon Seok, Kyung-Ju Kim, Jee-Young Han, Jeong Mo Bae, Hyeong Ju Kwon, Yeejeong Kim, Kyueng-Whan Min, Soonae Oak, Sunhee Chang
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2017; 51(6): 521. CrossRef
Use of monoclonal antibodies to detect specific mutations in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections
Zhenying Guo, Ricardo V. Lloyd
Human Pathology.2016; 53: 168. CrossRef

Comparison of Conventional Smear, Cell Block and Liquid-based Preparation in the Evaluation of Bronchial Washing Specimen in Lung Cancer Patients.: Hyunee Yim, Hee Jae Joo, Young Bae Kim, Soon Won Hong; Korean J Pathol. 2011;45(3):296-302.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.3.296

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
The preparation of conventional smears (CS) from mucoid samples, despite mucolysis, can pose difficulties for cytotechnologists or cytopathologists. In recent years, liquid-based cytology (LBC) devices have been developed in attempts to improve the cytopreparation process. LBC improves both sample collection and sample preparation. Cell block preparations (CB) can be made from residual tissue fluids, and are a useful adjunct to smears.
METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed 3 preparations from 209 patients whose diagnosis was later confirmed via bronchoscopic biopsy, fine needle aspiration, gun biopsy or operation. Each case was categorized into one of three groups: "negative," "atypical or suspicious" and "malignant." RESULTS: When conflating the "atypical" and "malignant" categories into a "positive" category, the sensitivity of each preparation was 74.4% in LBC, 72.9% in CS, and 76.5% in CB preparations. Specificity was 98.7%, 94.7% and 98.7%, respectively. By combining LBC and CB, the sensitivity is 78.2%.
CONCLUSIONS
Among three different preparation methods, sensitivity is highest in the CB method. LBC has many advantages in evaluating cell morphology and by combining CB method, the sensitivity can be improved slightly. The application of all three methods may prove helpful when one or another method proves diagnostically inconclusive.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Comparison of diagnostic accuracy between CellprepPlus® and ThinPrep® liquid‐based preparations in effusion cytology
Yong‐Moon Lee, Ji‐Yong Hwang, Seung‐Myoung Son, Song‐Yi Choi, Ho‐Chang Lee, Eun‐Joong Kim, Hye‐Suk Han, Jin young An, Joung‐Ho Han, Ok‐Jun Lee
Diagnostic Cytopathology.2014; 42(5): 384. CrossRef
Evaluation of Urine Cytology in Urothelial Carcinoma Patients: A Comparison of CellprepPlus® Liquid-Based Cytology and Conventional Smear
Seung-Myoung Son, Ji Hae Koo, Song-Yi Choi, Ho-Chang Lee, Yong-Moon Lee, Hyung Geun Song, Hae-Kyung Hwang, Hye-Suk Han, Seok-Joong Yun, Wun-Jae Kim, Eun-Joong Kim, Ok-Jun Lee
Korean Journal of Pathology.2012; 46(1): 68. CrossRef

Cytologic Features of Diffuse Sclerosing Variant of Papillary Carcinoma: Cytohistopathologic Analysis of 16 Cases.: Ja Seung Koo, Woohee Jung, Soonwon Hong, Hyunee Yim; Korean J Pathol. 2009;43(6):557-561.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2009.43.6.557

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
The exact preoperative diagnosis of diffuse sclerosing papillary carcinoma (DSPC) is required for aggressive surgical treatment due to its extended involvement with thyroid and neck lymph nodes. The present study investigated the cytomorphologic characteristics of DSPC and identified cytologic features for preoperative diagnosis of DSPC. METHODS: A retrospective review of cytologic and histologic features of 16 patients diagnosed with DSPC after thyroidectomy and underwent preoperative fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was performed.
RESULTS
Prominent psammoma bodies were observed in 16 (100%) and 10 (62.5%) cases of histology and FNAC, respectively. Lymphocytes were observed in nine (56.2%) and four (25.0%) cases, and squamous cells were noted in seven cases (43.7%) and one case (6.2%) on histology and FNAC, respectively. Nuclear grooves and inclusions, which are characteristics of papillary carcinoma, were observed in FNAC and histology slides in all 16 cases. CONCLUSIONS: DSPC displays prominent psammoma bodies and characteristic nuclear features of papillary carcinoma such as nuclear groove and inclusion in FNAC. However, the preoperative diagnosis of DSPC using only FNAC could be difficult due to the absence of other characteristic features such as lymphocytes and metaplastic squamous cells.

Maximal Diagnostic Accuracy in Virtual Telepathology System according to Input Device and Video Signal.: Rae Woong Park, Hee Jae Joo, Hyunee Yim, Yoon Mi Jin, Kyi Beom Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1999;33(12):1191-1198.

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Abstract PDF: Varieties of telepathology system had been developed and in use, but their functional capability and diagnostic accuracy are considered to be inferior to those of conventional optical microscope. This study is intended to find out: 1) the diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility rate according to the input devices and the video signals; 2) any potential technical problems of the telepathology system; 3) any possible physical and psychological impacts. We devised a virtual telepathology system using our existing microscope equipped with CCD camera unit that has no restriction of network speed. Total fifty-five surgical pathology cases from 11 different organs were selected. Three pathologists were involved in making diagnoses. The resulting diagnostic accuracies were: 1 CCD camera with composite video signal was 86.2%; 3 CCD camera with composite video signal was 93.1%; 3 CCD camera with component video signal was 95.0%. The 3 CCD camera with component video signal resulted in 95.0% diagnostic accuracy and was superior to 1 CCD camera with composite video signal. Some technical problems noted during this study were: the visual field of the virtual telepathology system was smaller by 43% than that of microscope; the difference of cell sizes between microscope and monitor; low resolution of image. Some physical and psychological symptoms were noted.

Fine needle aspiration cytology of meningioma presenting as a neck mass.: Hyunee Yim, Young Nyun Park, Kwang Gil Lee; Korean J Cytopathol. 1992;3(2):94-99.

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Case Report

Pulmonary Nocardiosis Diagnosed by Fine Needle Aspiration: A Case Report.: Hyunee Yim, Kwang Hwa Park; Korean J Cytopathol. 1995;6(2):169-173.

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Abstract PDF: Nocardia, aerobic members of the order of Actinomycetaceae, produces infections in human lung. Nocardial infection is associated with underlying diseases of immuno-suppression or treatment with corticosteroid. It is difficult to detect Nocardia by sputum examination or histologic sections and it has rarely been diagnosed by fine needle aspiration of the lung. We describe a case of pulmonary nocardiosis in a 72 year-old man. diagnosed by fine needle aspiration, which was confirmed by culture of aspirates. The aspirates showed neutrophil-predominant inflammatory cells with microoganisms demonstrated by Gomori methenamine silver and Gram stain. The organisms had characteristic long branching filamentous strucutres. The lesions on chest x-ray were in resolution with antimicrobial therapy.

Original Article

Cytologic Features of Intracranial Germ Cell Tumors in Crush Preparation.: Hyunee Yim, Jung Sun Kim, Chul Shim; Korean J Cytopathol. 1996;7(2):177-184.

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Abstract PDF: Intraoperative cytologic examination of intracranial tumors using crush preparation provides useful information in operative decision making. The diminutive nature of many biopsy specimens, particularly those obtained by stereotactic neurosurgical procedures emphasizes the importance of combining the cytologic smear method with conventional frozen section interpretation. The great advantage of the cytologic smear method resides in its suitability for the study of minute fragments of tissue, allowing retention of the majority of the specimen for optimal processing. We present the cytologic features of 3 cases of intracranial germ cell tumors(2 germinomas and 1 endodermal sinus tumor), using crush preparation during intrao perative diagnosis and compare them with histologic findings. The cytologic features of the germ cell tumors were similar to those of the respective gonadal counterparts. The cytologic differential diagnosis of both types of germ cell tumors is described.

Case Report

Pigmented(melanotic) Schwannoma of the Cervical Spinal Canal: A case report.: Hyunee Yim, Jai Hyang Go, Chang Soo Ahn, Sun Woon Hong, Woo Hee Jung; Korean J Pathol. 1995;29(2):256-262.

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Abstract PDF: Pigmented(melanotic) schwannoma is a very rare variant of schwannoma that characteristically has massive cytoplasmic melanin. Since it was described in 1946 by Bjorneboe, about 44 cases have been reported in the English literature. It has a relatively benign clinical course, but the cases arising in the cranial nerve and sympathetic chain show aggressive behavior with malignant potential. We herein report a typical case of pigmented schwannoma with light microscopic findings. The results of immunohistochemical and electronmicroscopic study are also presented. The patient was a 30 year-old Korean male who had a mass in his posterior neck for 10 years that recently.began to induce neurologic manifestations. The tumor, which was mainly in the extramedullary intradural space of the cervical canal extending to the extradural space and soft tissues of the neck, was relatively well defined and composed of black solid tissue. Microscopic, densely pigmented spindle cells forming fascicles, nuclear palisading, whorling and polygonal cells with vacuolated or clear cytoplasm were characteristic. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for vimentin, S-100 protein, and HMB-45. Electron microscopic study revealed that the tumor cells have interdigitating cytoplasmic processes containing varying stages of melanosomes with a very focal basal lamina and Luse body like collagen bundles.

Original Articles

Interstitial Mononuclear Cell Infiltration and its Phenotypes in IgA Nephropathy.: Hyeon Joo Jeong, Hyunee Yim, Sun Hee Sung, In Joon Choi; Korean J Pathol. 1994;28(5):506-510.

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Abstract PDF: To know the correlation between glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesion and to define the characteristics of interstitial inflammatory cell in IgA nephropathy and classified according to WHO classification and graded tubulointerstitial lesion as mild, moderate and severe. Paraffin-embedded 5u sections were stained with UCHL-l, L26 and CD68 antibodies. More than 20 fields were examined in each case under the high power microscopy and the number of positive cells were counted. There was positive correlation between the severity of glomerular and that of tubulointerstitial lesion. The mostcommoninflammatory cells in the interstitiuin were UCHL-l positive cells followed by CD68 and L26 positive cells. As the WHO grade or tubulointerstitial lesion increased, the numbers of positive cells were increased in all three groups. The proportion of UCHL-1 Positive cells were increased in cases with high WHO grade whereas that of L26 positive cells incases with severe tubulointerstitial lesion Proteinuria was correlated with the degree of inflammatory cell infiltration, especially with that of L26 positive cells.

Rhabdomyosarcoma in Children: Histologic Subtypes and Prognosis.: Woo Hee Jung, Yee Jeong Kim, Soon Hee Jung, Hyunee Yim, Cheol Joo Yoo; Korean J Pathol. 1992;26(6):573-581.

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Abstract PDF: Thirty cases of rhabdomyosarcoma in patients under the age of 15 years were reviewed retrospectively to find out characteristics of histologic subtypes related to prognosis. Histologic diagnosis were embryonal in 21(70%), alveolar in 7(23%) and mixed type in 2(7%). Cellular anaplasia was noted in 6 cases. Round to polygonal cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasmic rim or globules were most characteristic cytologic feature or rhabdomyosarcomas, being followed by myofibrils. Myxoid and edematous stroma in embryonal type and alveolar pattern in alveolar type wee nost characteristic growth pattern. Immunohistochemically, tumors were positive for desmin, actin and myoglobin in 97%, 27%, and 40%, respectively. Consequently, characteristic cytologic features are important to differentiate rhabdomyosarcomas form other kinds of small round cell tumor and growth pattern is more critical in categorizing histologic subtypes. Desmin is far more useful than actin or myoglobin in the diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma.

Case Report

Embryonal Sarcoma of the Liver with Chondrosarcomatous Differentiation: A case report.: Woo Hee Jung, Hyunee Yim, Ho Guen Kim, Chan Il Park, Ki Keun Oh, Seung Hoon Choi; Korean J Pathol. 1992;26(5):504-509.

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Abstract PDF: Embryonal sarcomas of the liver, often called undifferentiated sarcomas or malignant mesenchymomas, are extremely rare tumors that occur chiefly in children with poor prognosis and uncertain histogenesis. Histologically, tumor cells are stellate or spindle shaped, loosely arranged in edematous or myxoid pattern alternating with highly cellular zones and do not show evidence of differentiation. Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies by previous investigators indicate that the neoplastic cells are mostly primitive mesenchymal cell which occasionally differentiate to fibroblasts, lipoblasts, histiocytes and smooth muscle cells via intermediate cell types. The authors experienced a case of 6-year old boy who presented with an enlarging abdominal mass of the liver which revealed typical histological and ultrastructural features of embryonal sarcoma with focal areas of unusual chondrosarcomatous differentiation.

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